
The Democratic Republic of the Congo has reserves of , , , and a potential power generating capacity of around 100,000 MW. The on the has the potential capacity to generate 40,000 to 45,000 MW of electric power, sufficient to supply the electricity needs of the whole Southern Africa region. Ongoing uncertainties in the political arena, and a resulting lack of interest from investors has meant that the Inga Dam's potential ha. [pdf]

is a coastal country located in the in Western Africa, which is a resource rich region. Energy in Benin has a diverse and takes several forms including: solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, fossil resources, and mineral resources. Out of this energy mix, about 60% of energy comes from . Benin is also dependent on energy imports from and . While power plants and other energy facilities were built in the 1950s and 1960s, the la. [pdf]
Energy in Benin has a diverse energy mix and takes several forms including: solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, fossil resources, and mineral resources. Out of this energy mix, about 60% of energy comes from biomass. Benin is also dependent on energy imports from Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.
This section provides information on Benin’s current energy situation with energy demand-and-supply scenarios. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 41% of Benin’s population currently have access to electricity.
Benin has also joined this dynamic by considerably increasing its green energy production efforts in recent years. The country has a huge undeveloped renewable-energy (RE) potential that can contribute considerably to its national energy production capacity. This paper summarizes the current RE situation in Benin and examines its future prospects.
In recent decades, Benin has experienced several energy crises that have forced it to import more electricity from neighboring countries like Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Nigeria, via the West African Power Pool (WAPP), to meet demand for its population. The worst crisis occurred from 2007 to 2013.
This paper analyzed the energy sector in the Republic of Benin, a developing country in West Africa that has many problems in meeting the needs of its population for almost all sectors over the last decade, specifically, between 2010 and 2018, in terms of production, consumption, and imports.
However, no empirical studies were found in literature on studies of the Republic of Benin's energy situation, and so more research and studies focusing on Benin are needed. Table 1. Summary of literature on the subject. 3. Benin's energy situation 3.1. Energy consumption

Venezuela ranked 11th in the world for oil production in 2016; production has since fallen steeply. The largest oil company is (PDVSA). Oil fields in the country include , , and . In 2023, Venezuela held the world's largest proven oil reserves at 303 billion barrels, accounting for 17% of global reserves, mostly from the . Despite this, producti. . Alpiq is an independent electricity producer and energy trader. The company is active in the business fields of energy generation, trading, and services. Its customers include medium-sized companies, large enterprises and public institutions. Alpiq uses , , and and new such as , , and plants to generate electricit. [pdf]
In general, experts warn that the existing Venezuelan regulatory framework makes wind and solar projects not competitive and this creates additional risks for the development of such energy potential , , . The severity of all such factors evidence the difficulties to develop a sustainable energy sector in Venezuela , .
In comparison to oil and natural gas, coal plays a minor role in Venezuela’s energy mix, accounting for 0.2% of total energy production and 0.1% of total energy consumption. Venezuela's coal industry has faced challenges such as outdated infrastructure and limited investment, which has affected production.
Electricity in Venezuela is predominantly produced from hydroelectricity . Venezuela ranked 11th in the world for oil production in 2016; production has since fallen steeply. The largest oil company is Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA). Oil fields in the country include Bolivar Coastal Field, Boscán Field, Maracaibo Basin and Orinoco Belt .
That is until a 2016 report by the Scientific Institute Francisco de Miranda emphasized the “technical possibilities and the low cost of photovoltaic energy in the country.” Despite a phase of fits and starts, harnessing electricity via solar panels and storing it in batteries is a practice that is picking up speed in Venezuela.
The Venezuelan energy framework Venezuela plays an important role in global energy markets. Along with the rest of Latin American countries, it has evidenced different stages on its energy evolution. The understanding of some relevant facts about this sector is needed to evaluate current conditions and challenges.
Venezuela's restrictive economic policies (Figure 3) have resulted in a decrease in inflation-adjusted GDP per capita, which has led to a decrease in energy consumption (Figure 4). Venezuela has the refining capacity to meet its domestic demand, but the country’s refineries are in poor condition.
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