
Solar power, also known as solar electricity, is the conversion of energy from into , either directly using (PV) or indirectly using . use the to convert light into an . Concentrated solar power systems use or mirrors and systems to focus a large area of sunlight to a hot spot, often. In 1883, American inventor Charles Fritts coated selenium with a thin layer of gold to form the first functional solar cell, harnessing sunlight to generate electricity. [pdf]
From the earliest days of solar-powered satellites to modern rooftop arrays and utility-scale solar farms, this is the complete history of solar energy—and a look at its exciting potential in the years to come. The story of solar energy begins in 1839 with the work of French physicist Edmond Becquerel.
Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. Since then, as the cost of solar panels has fallen, grid-connected solar PV systems ' capacity and production has doubled about every three years.
In the United States, the federal Solar Energy Research Institute (now the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) was created in 1977 to drive innovation in photovoltaics. Germany and Japan also emerged as early leaders in solar technology and manufacturing during this period.
The late 2000s was a crucial time for the growth of solar energy. Global investment in clean energy exceeds $100 billion, with solar energy as the leading clean energy technology for venture capital and private equity investment. The solar tax credit helped to create unprecedented growth in the U.S. solar industry from 2006 to 2007.
Bell Labs introduced the first practical silicon solar cell in 1954, which was initially used in space applications, powering satellites like Vanguard I. With the energy crisis of the 1970s, public interest in renewable energy sources soared, incentivizing governments to invest in solar technology development. Key commercial milestones:
As NASA pushed further out into the solar system in the 1970s, photovoltaics became the standard power system for its spacecraft and remains so today. Back on Earth, solar energy technology continued to advance gradually through the mid-20th century but remained uncompetitive with cheap, readily available fossil fuels.
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